In Wisconsin, do I have to wear a life jacket when I paddle?

Disclaimer: While I strive to provide accurate and up-to-date information, it’s important to note that laws and regulations can change over time. For the most current and specific information regarding boating regulations in Wisconsin, I recommend consulting the official sources such as the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) or contacting local authorities.

In Wisconsin, the use of personal flotation devices (PFDs) is regulated for boating activities. According to Wisconsin law, individuals must have a U.S. Coast Guard-approved PFD readily accessible for each person on board a watercraft. The specific requirements for wearing PFDs can vary depending on the age of the individual and the type of watercraft being used. Here are some key points to consider:

1. Age Restrictions: In Wisconsin, when on Federally controlled waters, children under the age of 13 are required to wear a properly fitted and fastened PFD while aboard any watercraft that is underway, including kayaks. Examples of these are Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Winnebago, St. Croix River, Fox River (near the Bay of Green Bay), Milwaukee river (as it flows into Lake Michigan) Mississippi River, and the Wisconsin River (near the mouth of the Mississippi).
2. Non-Motorized Watercraft: For non-motorized watercraft, such as kayaks, canoes, and paddleboards, there is no state law mandating the wearing of PFDs for individuals 14 years of age or older. However, it is strongly recommended to wear a PFD at all times, especially in situations where there may be increased risks, such as strong currents, cold water, or inclement weather conditions.
3. Life Jacket Requirements: Regardless of the legal requirements, it is always advisable to wear a properly fitting and suitable PFD while kayaking. Select a PFD that is appropriate for your size, activity, and the water conditions you expect to encounter.
4. Safety First: Even if not required by law, wearing a PFD is a critical safety precaution. Accidents can happen unexpectedly, and a PFD can provide crucial buoyancy and keep you afloat in case of capsizing or other emergencies.

What types of PFD’s are acceptable for human powered vessels?

With the above depiction of PFD’s available – the acceptable ones for any human powered vessel are type II, III, and V. Majority of paddlers should seek out the kayak specific type III. These fit completely different than say, a life jacket meant for waterskiing, or for a PWC (jetski). What are some of the key features of the kayak specific ones? Here is a short video explaining these.

Inflatable life jackets are also an option for us to wear. Some of the benefits of these are:

1. Lightweight and low-profile: Unlike bulky foam life vests, inflatables sit flat and are barely noticeable when not inflated.
2. Ideal for hot weather: They don’t trap heat or restrict airflow, making them far more comfortable during long hours on the water.
3. Greater freedom of movement: Perfect for kayaking, paddleboarding, or casting a fishing rod.
4. Encourages constant use: Because they’re so comfortable, people are more likely to wear them consistently, which significantly increases safety.

Although there are negative aspects to these:

1. Manual inflatables won’t activate unless you pull the cord.
2. Must be inspected regularly to ensure the COâ‚‚ cartridge is full, undamaged, and properly seated. Rearming kits cost $15-30 and are needed after each use.
3. Not recommended for: Whitewater kayaking, Surf zones, or Water skiing or tubing.
4. U.S. Coast Guard-approved inflatable PFDs are only considered legal if they are being worn-unlike foam life jackets, which may simply be onboard.
5. Automatic inflatables can activate in wet or humid conditions, or when stored improperly.

For those who choose not to wear your life jacket (PFD) while kayaking – WDNR has a few requirements:

1. All PFDs must be USCG approved. This annotation will be noted on the inside of the PFD.
2. Your life jacket must be ‘readily accessible”. Meaning, one can sit on it, place it behind their back, or on the top deck. You can NOT place it down by your feet, or in a hatch.
3. It must be size appropriate to the paddler(s) and in working order.
4. There must be one for each person on board.
5. Fines are roughly $232 per occurrence, plus county circuit court fees vary throughout the state.

“Readily accessible” life jackets is a misnomer, especially when your paddling environment has moving water (current, waves, wake, etc), or there is a wind present. Even on a peaceful lake with slight winds of 10 MPH, your kayak (and that “readily accessible” life jacket under your deck lines) can get away from you quickly, should you fall in. Yes, you guessed it, there is a video for that too. (Mind you, this video was made with another safety boater at the ready).

Remember that boating regulations can vary depending on the specific water body, jurisdiction, and circumstances. It is essential to familiarize yourself with the regulations and requirements specific to your location and to prioritize your safety while enjoying your kayaking adventures. Be sure to consult the official resources or contact the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

My approach to life jackets is pretty simple – they only work when worn properly. I only paddle with others who share the same thought process, thus reducing risk factors which we can not control.

For the Paddler Within….